What is Infertility? A Comprehensive Guide
Infertility is the inability to conceive a child after a year of unprotected sex. For women over 35, this timeframe is six months. It's a common issue, affecting millions.
What causes infertility? Both female and male factors can contribute, sometimes in combination.
- Female Infertility Causes: Problems with ovulation, blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can all cause infertility. Age is also a significant factor.
- Male Infertility Causes: Low sperm count, poor sperm motility, abnormal sperm shape, genetic factors, infections, and varicoceles can contribute to male infertility. Lifestyle factors like smoking, excessive alcohol use, and drug use can also negatively impact sperm health.
How is infertility diagnosed? A doctor will perform various tests, including:
- Semen analysis for men.
- Ovulation testing for women.
- Hysterosalpingography (HSG) for women.
- Ultrasound.
- Blood tests to assess hormone levels.
What are the treatment options for infertility? Treatment options include:
- Lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, smoking cessation, reduced alcohol consumption).
- Medication to stimulate ovulation or improve sperm production.
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) such as Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF).
- Surgery to correct physical problems.
- Adoption or surrogacy.
Is infertility treatable? Yes, often. Treatment success rates vary. It's crucial to discuss options and realistic chances with your doctor.
Dealing with infertility can be emotionally challenging. Seek support from your partner, friends, family, or support groups. There is no shame in seeking help.
Balance Endocrinology can provide comprehensive care and support for those experiencing infertility. Talking to your doctor is the first step toward building the family you desire.